Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐 被动语态

It is called a clavichord. ^{一般现在时的被动}

It has belonged to our family for a long time. ^{现在完成时}

belong 是一个表示状态的动词，而不是行为动词，所以不能用于进行时，常用的时态是一般现在时和现在过去时。

Recently it was damaged by a visitor. ^{过去时被动}

She tried to play jazz on it! ^过去时

She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. ^过去被动

My father was shocked.

Now we are not allowed to touch it. ^不被允许

Musical Instruments Vocabulary

• accordion: The man was standing on the pavement, playing his accordion.
• acoustic guitar: Tom enjoys playing the acoustic guitar in his spare time.
• banjo: I would love to learn how to play the banjo.
• bugle: The musician put the bugle to his mouth and started to play.
• cello: The cello is the largest of all stringed instruments.
• clarinet: Anna plays the clarinet very well.
• drum kit: I could hear him playing on his drum kit from the other side of the building.
• electric bass: The sound of the electric bass was loud, deep, and clear.
• electric guitar: Fred plugged his electric guitar into the wall and got ready to start playing.
• electric keyboard: Mary stood at the electric keyboard, playing a tune.
• flute: The sound of Alice’s flute was delicate and sweet.
• French horn: She has been playing the French horn since she was a child.
• harp: The musician was sitting at her harp, playing a beautiful melody.
• melodion: Sid put the melodion on the table and started to play.
• piano: There was a man playing the piano in the corner of the bar.
• saxophone: Gary plays the saxophone in a popular jazz band.
• trombone: I listened to the musician playing his trombone.
• trumpet: We were woken by the sound of our neighbour practising his trumpet.
• tuba: The tuba is the largest of all brass instruments.
• violin: I put the violin to my chin and started to play.

“主动语态”与“被动语态”皆指动词的形式而言。在主动句中，动词的主语是执行动作的人或物；在被动句中，动作是对主语执行的，之所以在英语学习过程中很少有提及“主动语态”是因为除了“被动语态”剩下的都是主动语态。《新一》相关知识

被动语态由 be 的一种形式和过去分词构成。主动语态的时态用法规则也适用于被动语态。动词作及物动词用时才能构成被动语态。如果要说明是什么人或什么东西做了某事，则用“by + 行为主体”结构。“行为主体”也可以不表示出来。

被动语态结构：be ^{(动作的时间)} + done^{(表状态已完成)}

常与被动语态的 made 连用的介词

英语中通常用-’s 和of 结构来表示所有格。-’s 结构通常用在人名和表示人称的名词的末尾，而 of 结构则常与无生命的名词连用。

结构：名词 + of + 名词所有格^{(名词性的物主代词)}

• It is being repaired by a friend of my father's. ^{(最后的 friends 被省略了)}

区别-'s 按顺序翻译，of是倒序翻译，所以它们真实的区别为翻译时的词序，-’s 结构的所有格可用于of 结构之后，称为双重所有格，在名词前面，可以用 a，this，that，these，some， any，no 等，但不用 the。

• He is a friend of mine.  ^{含有“他是我的一个特殊的或惟一的朋友”之意。}
• He is no friend of mine. ^{含义是“我根本不认识他”或“他是我的敌人” 强调很多当中的一个或几个的时候, 选用双重属格结构}
• a friend of my father's / my father's friend(s) ^{只有一个朋友}
• a friend of my father's ^{很多朋友中的一个}
• It happened to a friend of mine. ^{我的很多朋友中的一个}