Lesson 121&122 The man in a hat 戴帽子的男士定语从句

Listen to the tape then answer this question: Why didn't Caroline recognize the customer straight away?

COSTOMER:	I bought two expensive dictionaries here half an hour ago,but I forgot to take them with me. 半小时以前我在这里买了两本很贵的词典，但是我忘记了拿走。
MANAGER:	Who served you, sir? 是谁接待您的，先生？
COSTOMER:	The lady who is standing behind the counter. 站在柜台后面的那位女士。
MANAGER:	Which books did you buy? 你买的是两本什么书？
COSTOMER:	The books which are on the counter. 就是放在柜台上的那两本。
MANAGER:	Did you serve this gentleman half an hour ago, Caroline? 卡罗琳，半小时前你接待过这位先生吗？ He says he's the man who bought these books. 他说他就是买这两本书的人。
CAROLINE:	I can't remember. 我记不起来了。 The man who I served was wearing a hat. 我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。
MANAGER:	Have you got a hat, sir? 先生，您有帽子吗？
COSTOMER:	Yes, I have. 有的，我有帽子。
MANAGER:	Would you put it on, please? 请您把帽子戴上好吗？
COSTOMER:	All right. 好吧。
MANAGER:	Is this the man that you served, Caroline? 卡罗琳，这就是你接待过的那个人吗？
CAROLINE:	Yes. 是他。 I recognize him now. 我现在认出他来了。

Lesson 119&120 A true story

Lesson 123&124 A trip to Australia

9个相关单词

与课文关联的单词

customer

/ˈkʌstəmə(r)/n. .顾客

forget

/fəˈɡet/v. 忘记

manager

/ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/n. 经理

serve *

/sɜːv/v. 照应，服务，接待

counter

/ˈkaʊntə(r)/n. 柜台

recognize

/ˈrekəɡnaɪz/v. 认识

road

/rəʊd/n. 路

street

/striːt/n. 街道

gentleman

/ˈdʒentlmən/n. 绅士

课文理解定语从句的引出更新于:2023-12-14 05:59:13

I bought two expensive dictionaries here, half an hour ago, but I forget to take them with me.

forget to do… ^{忘记去做...}	forgot to do… ^{本应该做而忘记去做...}	forget doing sth. ^{忘记做过了某事}
I forget to shut the door. ^{我忘了锁门}		I forget shutting the door. ^{我忘了门已经锁了}

take…with me… 随身携带...拿走...

初识定语从句

关系词	功能	本文中出现的句子
that	人、事、物	Is this the man that you served? (一般疑问句)
who	人	The lady who is standing behind the counter. (主句为名词)
		He says he’s the man who bought these books. (宾语从句中的定语从句)
		The man who I served was wearing a hat. (主句为名词)
which	事、物	The books which are on the counter. (主句为名词)

语法知识定语及定语从句的详解更新于:2023-12-14 06:12:06

什么是定语？

在语法学中，定语是修饰名词或代词的修饰语。它可以提供更多的描述性信息，以帮助我们理解名词或代词所表示的事物。用课文里的话来，使用汉语“的“ (用来修饰名词、代词的词)。

定语可以包括形容词、名词短语、副词短语、从句等。它们在句子中通常位于名词或代词之前，并与其构成修饰关系。

中文短语	定语出现的位置	解释
一个大房子	a big house	形容词作为定语修饰名词。
我见过的那个人	the person I've seen.	名词短语作为定语修饰名词。
他们在忙碌地工作	they are working busily	副词短语作为定语修饰动词。
我喜欢正在读书的学生	I like the students who are studying	从句作为定语修饰名词。

什么可以作定语？

a pretty girl ^(同中文) 形容词（Adjective）：形容词是最常见的定语类型。它们用来修饰名词，描述名词的性质或特征。
a diamond ring ^(同中文) 名词短语（Noun Phrase）：名词短语是由名词及其相关修饰语构成的短语，可用作名词的定语。
a book on the shelf ^{（倒着翻译）}介词短语（Prepositional Phrase）：介词短语通常用来修饰名词或代词。

定语的位置？

定语在一个句子中可以位于被修饰的名词前面或后面。它的位置取决于所使用的定语类型和句子结构。

前置定语^{（定语出现在被修饰名词的前面）}	后置定语^{(定语出现在被修饰名词的后面)}
The red apple^{（红色的苹果）}	The apple on the table^{（桌子上的苹果）}
An interesting book^{（一本有趣的书）}	The book that I read yesterday^{（我昨天读过的那本书）}

需要注意的是，某些定语类型可能更倾向于前置或后置位置，但并非都适用。另外，当句子较长或复杂时，定语的位置可能会有所变化，以确保句子的清晰和连贯。

下面通过一首歌曲来介绍定语的位置：

You fill up my senses 你占据了我的心灵
Like a night in the forest(后置定语) 像林中的夜晚
Like the mountains in springtime 像春日的群山
Like a walk in the rain 像雨中的漫步
Like a storm in the desert 像沙漠中的风暴
Like a sleeping blue ocean ^(同中文) 像沉睡中的碧海

定语短语

a night in the forest 林中的夜晚
a walk in the rain 雨中的漫步
the mountains in springtime 春日的群山
a storm in the desert 沙漠中的风暴
Paris in the spring 巴黎之春

结论：短前长后，单个词^(短)在前，短语或句子^(长)放后做定语（英文礼让弱小规则，长的放后面，短的放前面）。

什么是定语从句？

定语从句是一种特殊的从句，用来在句子中作为定语修饰一个名词或代词。它提供了关于被修饰名词的进一步信息。

”宾语从句是用一个句子做宾语“那么定语从句就是：”用一个句子作定语“

定语	定语从句
He is a nice^(adj.) man.	He is the man who loves my friend.^(主谓宾)
She is a female^(adj.) manager.	She is the manager who served me yesterday.^(主谓宾)

定语从句的零部件？

先行词^{(被修饰的)}	关系词^{(不叫引导词)}	例句
人	who	He is the man who loves my friend.
人	whom ^{(先行词在从句中充当宾语时)}	The woman, whom I met at the conference, is a renowned scientist.
物品	which	The car, which is parked outside, belongs to my neighbor.
人或物	that(安全)	The house that we visited last week is now for sale.

先行词指的是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。定语从句提供了关于先行词的进一步描述和限定。先行词通常出现在定语从句之前(先行的字面意思是先出现的词)，并且定语从句中的关系词（先行词决定了使用哪个关系词）与先行词建立起连接关系。

I like the beautiful girl. → I like the beautiful girl 【who is listening to music】.我喜欢【正在听音乐的】那漂亮的女孩。
The man is Brad Pitt. → The man【who wears a dress】 is Brad Pitt. 【穿裙子的】那位男士就是皮特。
God helps the people. → God helps the people【who help themselves.】上帝帮助那些【帮助自己的】人。

组织定语从句的步骤？

先找到【先行词】^{（被修饰的词）}: The general 将军
通过“先行词”确定【关系词】：who
【找定语】:makes the fewest mistakes 犯错误最少的

先行词^{（被修饰的词）}	关系词	用一个句子做定语	把话说完
The general	who	makes the fewest mistakes	is the best general.

合并简单句

原句	定语从句
I have a friend. She lives in New York.^{(我有一个朋友。她住在纽约。)}	I have a friend who lives in New York. ^{(我有一个住在纽约的朋友。)}

先行词是 "friend"，关系代词 "who" 引导定语从句，并提供了关于朋友居住地的进一步描述。定语从句被放置在先行词之后。

定语部分^{(到下一个谓语动词前)}是一个完成的句子，主句也应该是一个完成的句子。

Whoever can make most people happy is the happiest person in the world.

People 【 who can make most people happy 】 is the happiest in the world. 【能使大多数人幸福的】人是世界上最幸福的人。

People is the happiest in the world. 主句
Who can make most people happy. 从句

Do you know the man 【 who watched a movie with me yesterday 】? 你认识【昨天和我一起看电影的】那人吗？
The bag 【 that I bought yesterday 】is very nice.【我昨天买的】包非常好。
The watch 【 that you gave me 】keeps perfect time.【你给我的】那块手表走地可准了。

定语从句的用途

描述性	定语从句可以提供关于被修饰名词或代词的特征、性质或品质的陈述	The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.（我从图书馆借来的那本书非常有趣。）
限制性	定语从句可以用来限定所修饰名词或代词的范围，帮助阐明具体指的是哪一个	The girl who is playing the piano is my sister.（正在弹钢琴的那个女孩是我的妹妹。）
补充性	定语从句可以提供额外的信息，使句子更加详细和完整	I bought a shirt, which has beautiful patterns on it.（我买了一件衬衫，上面有美丽的图案。）
身份或归属	定语从句可以用来确定某个人或物的身份或归属	The lady who is standing behind the counter. 本课文内容

可用于：描述性的说明、限制性说明、补充性说明、确定身份或归属。

使用定语从句做名词解释
What is a present?	A present is something that you give your friend on his or her special day.
What is a dentist?	A dentist is someone who can see and protect your teeth.
What is a mechanic?	A mechanic is someone who repairs car or machine.
What is a “Xiaomianbao”?	A “Xiaomianbao” is a van that can carry people.

单词句型定语从句中关系词who、whom的选择更新于:2023-12-14 06:09:19

road 大路	street 街道
on the road 在路上	in the street 在街上

关系词“who、whom”怎么选合适？

who	whom
先行词做主语	先行词做宾语
He is the man who loves my friend. ^{【The man loves my friend. 做主语】}	He is the man whom my friend loves. ^{【My friend loves the man. 做宾语】}

结论：先行词 = 被修饰的名词 §

扩展知识用定语从句升级句型更新于:2023-12-14 06:08:01

定语从句的理解和识别

He【who doesn’t reach the Great Wall】 is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
He【who laughs last】laughs best. 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
He【who learns but does not think】 is lost. 学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆。

写作应用：用定语从句升级句型。

原句	定语从句
I have a close friend. He always takes my advice.	I have a close friend who always takes my advice.

升级后(描述两句话提到的同一人。)：英文中比较忌讳重复出现，当我们使用2个简单句来同时描述一个人、一件事、一个物品时，我们就需要优先考虑使用定语从句来替换。

2011 年北京市中考作文：

Alice 表示自己的好友 Angela 问自己借钱，但自己不知是否该借给她，担心对方可能不能归还。问刘明是否遇到同样的问题？请刘明给自己一些建议，期待回信。假如你是刘明，给Alice 写一封信…

I think you can lend money to a person.
But choose the honest person.
They will return you the money.

定语从句升级版：

I think you can lend money to an honest person who will return you the money.

2008 年北京中考作文:

汶川地震(Wenchuan Earthquake)发生后,9 岁的学生林浩救了两名同学,然后步行了7 个小时到了安全地点, 就他的事迹以“Learn from the Hero” 为题, 写一篇不少于 60 词的作文。

提示词:a student , nine years old , happen , save , walk , to safety , be deeply moved , brave , give up

I’d like to say Linhao is a hero.
We should learn from him.
Linhao is a nine-year old student.
He saved two of his classmates during…