Lesson 119&120 A true story 一个真实的故事 过去完成时
Listen to the tape then answer this question: Who called out to the thieves in the dark?
Do you like stories?
I want to tell you a true story.
It happened to a friend of mine a year ago.
While my friend, George, was reading in bed,two thieves climbed into his kitchen.
After they had entered the house,they went into the dining room.
It was very dark, so they turned on a torch.
Suddenly, they heard a voice behind them.
'What's up? What's up?' someone called.
The thieves dropped the torch and ran away as quickly as they could.
George heard the noise and came downstairs quickly.
He turned on the light, but he couldn't see anyone.
The thieves had already gone.
But George's parrot, Henry, was still there.
What's up, George? he called.
'Nothing, Henry,' George said and smiled.'Go back to sleep.'
课文理解故事结构（同位语） 更新于:2023-12-14 05:51:43
Do you love stories?
这里将story变为复数，特指了故事类型(Do you like books?)，而不是某一个故事，这句话引出故事(我想给你讲个故事)
I want to tell you… 我想告诉你... (故事的开始方式)
It happened to a friend of mine…
happen to sb. 发生在某人身上
| a friend of mine | a friend of my friends. |
| mine | my friends. |
名词 + of + 名词性物主代词 （代表其中之一）
- a friend of mine 我的一个朋友(我众多朋友中的一个)
- a daughter of theirs 他们的一个女儿(话外音，他们可能有几个女儿)
- a nephew of hers 她的一个外甥(不止一个外甥)
- a sister of his(男形物与名物都是his) 他的一个姐姐(他有几个姐姐)
- a student of yours 你的一个学生
- a co-worker of ours 我们的一个同事
While my friend, George, was reading… 同位语
| 名词 + 名字 | 名字 + 名词 |
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| 同位语转换 | |
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| My hometown is in Beijing. Beijing is the capital city of China. | My hometown is in Beijing, the capital city of China.(更加简洁) |
| Sara is my friend.She is a doctor. | Sara, my friend , is a doctor.(提供额外信息) |
After they had entered the house,they went into the dining room.
| 过去完成时(先发生) | 一般过去时(后发生) |
|---|---|
| they had entered the house | they went into the dining room |
| 他们已经进入了房子 | 然后再进入了餐厅 |
| After they had entered the house and went into the dining room. | |
The thieves dropped the torch and ran away （主语 + 谓语 + 谓语 ）as quickly as possible.
| 课文原句演变过程 1 → 2 → 3 | |
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这是语言演化的结果：as + 副词 + as + 主语 + can/could 翻译为“尽[主语]最大的可能性[副词]”
| The thieves ran away as quickly as they could. 这2个小偷尽最大的可能性跑掉了（能跑多快跑多快、撒丫子的跑了） | |
| George came downstairs quickly. | George came downstairs as quickly as he could. 乔治3步并做2步的下楼来 |
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| not as...as... 不像...一样 | as…as… 像…一样 |
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在否定形式中，表示两者不相等或不具有相同程度的特征。
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"as...as..." 是一个常用的句型，用于进行比较。它用来表达两个事物相等或具有相同程度的特征或性质。通常，这种结构可以用来比较两个人、物体、行为或状态的相似程度。基本结构是：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + 被比较的人或物
as…as possible 尽…所能地…
| 尽所能地慢 as slowly as possible | Please drive as slowly as possible. 请尽量慢点开车。 |
| 尽所能地热情 as warmly as possible | Please greet him as warmly as possible.请尽量热情地给他打招呼。 |
| 尽所能地努力 as hard as possible | He is studying English as hard as possible.他正在尽全力努力地学英语。 |
slowly、warmly、hard都是副词，用于修饰动词
语法知识过去完成时态（Past Perfect Tense） 更新于:2023-12-14 05:49:06
用于描述在过去某个时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。它强调过去某一动作或状态在另一个过去时间点之前已经发生或完成。
| 主语 + had + done(过去分词) |
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| 主语 + had + been + 非动词 (基本不用) |
这里的"had"的作用就是来辅助“过去完成”这件事的，前面的课程中说过，过来帮忙的词叫“助动词”，所以"had"不再表达它原来的意思(拥有)，在这个时态里不需要翻译。过去完成时态常与其他过去时态构成复合时态或表达时间顺序上的先后关系。通常，它与 "before"， "after"， "by the time" 等时间状语连词一起使用。
| 过去完成时 | 现在完成时 |
|---|---|
| 过去的某个时间点或事件，表示在那个过去时间点之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态。 | 现在，表示从过去某个时间点开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或者强调与现在的关联。 |
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| 动作或状态在过去某个时间点之前就已经完成或发生了。 | 动作或状态可能在过去某个时间点开始，但它们与当前的情况仍然有关。 |
| 常与过去的时间状语连用，如 "before"、"after"、"by the time" 等。 | 常与涉及到现在的时间状语连用，如 "since"、"for"、"already"、"just"、"recently" 等。 |
时间状语
| by the end of…到......结束时 | by the time sb. + 动词过去时 |
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| 陈述句 | 否定句 had + not | 疑问句 had 提前 |
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| He had left by the time I arrived. | He had not left by the time I arrived. | Had he left by the time you arrived? |
单词句型过去完成时的句型转换 更新于:2023-12-14 05:47:46
I asked the price of the car,but they had already sold it.
这在问出这句话“asked”的时间点之前，这车就已“sold”。所以“asked”是一般过去时，而“sold”则是过去完成时。这样的组合很容易就把一件事的顺序描述得很清晰。
I ran to the platform quickly,but the train had already left.
在“ran”站台之前，这火车就已经“left”。火车离开已完成，所以使用“had already left”，而我跑到站台则是一个过去发生的事情。
课文练习：模仿例句，使用after改写以下句子
Did you read the book? Yes, but I saw the film firstI read the book after I had seen the film.
Did you go to the doctor? Yes, but I made an appointment first.I went to the doctor after I had made an appointment.
Did the boss leave the office? Yes, but he finished work first.The boss left the office after he had finished work.
Did your wife go out? Yes, but she finished the housework first.My wife went out after she had finished housework.
Did your teacher give you your exercise book? Yes, but he corrected it first.My teacher corrected(已校正) my exercise book after he had give it to me.
Did your sister go on holiday? Yes, but she took the examination first.My sister took the examination after she had gone on holiday.
Did you buy a new car? Yes, but I sold my old one first.I sold my old car after I bought a new one.
扩展知识叙述两件事情的先后顺序 更新于:2023-12-14 05:48:30
When did you come to BJ?
| 定语 | 状语从句（一般过去时） | 一般过去时 + 状语从句(过去完成时) |
|---|---|---|
| I came to BJ in 2007. | I came to BJ when I graduated from university in 2007. | I came to BJ after I had graduated from university in 2007. |
过去完成时 + 一般过去时 描述两件事情发生的先后顺序。
When did you get married?
| 定语 | 一般过去时 + 状语从句(过去完成时) |
|---|---|
| I got married in 2009. | I got married after we had been together for three years. 我们已经在一起了三年(先)，后才结婚。 |
When did you go abroad?
| 定语 | 一般过去时 + 状语从句(过去完成时) |
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| I went abroad the year before last. | I went abroad after I had got the offer from Harvard University. 拿到了哈佛大学的录取通知(先)，后才选择出国。 |