Lesson 89 A slip of the tongue 口误 情态动词 分裂结构
First listen and then answer the question: Who made the only funny joke that evening and why?
People will do anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one.
人们总要想尽办法看不花钱的演出——哪怕是拙劣的演出。
When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.
当“皮尤”鸟食公司将在我们当地影院演 出喜剧节目的消息传开后，我们都赶紧跑去观看。
We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began.
我们不得不排了好几个小时才进得场去。在演出开始前场内肯定已有好几百人了。
Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen.
不幸的是，这次演出是我们看过的最乏味的演出了。
Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
那些没能进到场内的人没有必要感到失望，因为很多应该出场的专业演员都没有来。
The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme.
那天晚上唯一有趣的事情是节目开始时那个报幕员的开场白。
He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone.
他显然非常紧张，局促不安地在麦克风前站了好几分钟。
As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
但他刚一开口说话，人们便哄堂大笑起来。
We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: 'This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen!"
我们都明白那个可怜的人应该说些什么，而他实际说的却是：“这是‘浦伊’鸟食公司，好女士们，晚上和先生们！”
课文理解舌头打结 更新于:2024-03-26 11:18:57
A slip of the tongue 口误，说走了嘴，失言
- Are you sure that it was just a slip of tongue? 你确信那只是一时口误吗？
People will do anything to see a free show -- even if it is a bad one.
- He will do anything to save his child’s life.他不顾一切去挽救他孩子的生命。
- He will do anything for the child. 为了孩子他愿意做任何事
* When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it.
get round = get around/about 四处传遍，（消息、谣言等）传开
- The word soon got round that there was buried treasure in that cave.
- Bad news gets round quickly.
分裂结构
that 引导的同位语从句本应该紧接the news,但英语中礼让弱小的原则：“get round”较短，所在提前到了同位语从句之前。导致很容易被认成“宾语从句”。
作者选择将 "that" 引导的定语从句放在主句之后，构成了一个离位定语从句(分裂定语从句)。这种结构的目的是引起读者的兴趣和注意。
这是一种相对不常见的结构，用于将定语从句中的一部分（通常是关系代词 "that" 或 "which"）放置在主句之前，从而引起一些注意和强调。这种结构在较正式的写作中更常见，用于强调信息。
We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just before the show began.
| We had to queue for hours to get in. | there must have been several hundred people present. | just before the show began. |
|---|---|---|
|
| just before 就在…之前 |
Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest (show) we have ever seen.
one of the dullest (show) 最糟糕的(show)之一
- 'This is the prettiest carpet I have ever seen,' she said.§
* Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed, as many of the artistes who should have appeared did not come.
真实表达 情态动词 + do；虚拟表达 情态动词+have done
| Those | who failed to get in | need not have felt disappointed, | as many of the artistes | who should have appeared | did not come. |
| 主语 | 定语从句(修饰Those) | 谓语(needn't have done 虚拟表达) | 从句的主语 | 定语从句(修饰many of the artistes) | 谓语 |
| 原因状语主句 Those don't feel disappointed. | 原因状语从句 some artistes didn’t come. | ||||
The only funny things (that) we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. 主主谓谓
| The only funny things | we heard | that evening | came from the advertiser | - | - | at the beginning of the programme. |
| 先行词 | 定语从句 (省略关系词) | Who / Which? | What? | How？ | Where? | When? |
| 宾语从句 | ||||||
As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing.
burst out 突然…起来（后面常接动名词，或 in/into+名词）
- When she heard that her father had died in the accident, she burst out crying.
- At the sight of the drunk, everyone burst out laughing/in laughter.
We all know what the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: "..."
| 常规主语从句(即句子在复合句中充当一个主语，主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制) |
|---|
| That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。 |
| Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown. 我们明天是否会去郊游仍旧未知。 |
| Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet. 现在还没有决定谁会成为我们的班长。 |
| Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. “我们为谁而学习”是个很重要的问题。 |
| What caused the accident remains unknown. 事故的起因是未知的。 |
| Whatever you did is right. 你做的任何事都是正确的。 |
| Whom the watch belongs to is unknown. 手表的归属是未知的。 |
| What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。 |
| What we need are good doctors. 我们需要的是好的医生。 |
| 形式主语it 为避免头重脚轻，常以形式主语it引导从句。 It + 形式主语谓语 + 从句 |
|---|
| It is certain that he will win the match. 他一定会赢得这场比赛的。 |
| It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry. 他的确在化学领域有了一个伟大的发现。 |
| It is very likely that they will hold a meeting. 他们很有可能会举行一场会议。 |
| It is strange that he should do that. 他竟然那样做是很奇怪的。 |
| It is important that we all should attend the meeting. 重要的是我们都应该参加会议。 |
| It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas. 真奇怪，这个人竟然坚持自己愚蠢的想法。 |
| It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation. 真遗憾我们不能去南方度过我们的暑假。 |
| It is still a mystery what caused the accident. 造成事故的原因仍旧是个秘密。 |
| It is said that he has gone to Shanghai. = He is said to have gone to shanghai. 据说他已经去上海了。 |
| It is known to all that the gunpowder was first invented by the Chinese. 所有人都知道火药最初是由中国人发明的。 |
| It is suggested that the work should be done with great care. 建议工作应该被小心地被完成。 |
| It happened that the two cheats were there.=The two cheats happened to be there. 两个骗子碰巧在那里。 |
单词句型一词多义 更新于:2024-03-26 11:34:09
| free | adj. 免费的，无偿的 |
|
|---|---|---|
| adj. 自由的，没束缚的，不受控制的，空闲的 |
| |
| single | adj. 单身的，独身的，未婚的 |
|
| Funny | adj. 有趣的，滑稽的，逗人发笑的（与 amusing 同义） |
|
| adj. 反常的，古怪的，奇怪的（口语） |
|
| Queue | vi. 排队 |
|
|---|---|---|
| n.（按顺序等待的人、车等的）行列、队（通常为纵队） |
| |
| row | n.（人或物的）一排、一行（通常为横的） |
|
| line | n.排，行，列；队列，队伍 |
|
扩展知识情态动词；分裂结构 更新于:2024-03-26 11:31:02
| 情态动词 | 表示情态 | 表示推测 | 表示虚拟(仅5个) |
|---|---|---|---|
| must / have to § | 必须... | 肯定\一定...(把握最大) | 🚫 |
| will / would § | 将要... | 将会、会、愿意(较强信念或推测) | would have done (will ×) |
| may / might § | 可以... | 可能、也许(较弱的可能性) | might have done (may ×) |
| can / could § | 能够... | (能力和可能性)通常用于否定表cannot 不可能... | could have done (can ×) |
| should / ought to § | 应该... | 应该(强调道德或伦理的义务感) | should have done = ought to have done |
| need § | 需要... | 需要(必要性或建议) | need have done |
翻译虚拟表达 加中文“本来...但是...”
- need have done 本来需要做某事(实际上没做)
- ought to have done 本来应该做某事(实际上没做)
- would have done 本来将要做某事(实际上没做)
- could have done 本来能够做某事(实际上没做)
- might have done 本来可能做某事(实际上没有)
分裂结构 原本流畅且连贯的句子被调整了顺序导致了不再流畅与连贯
| 后移式 | 插入式 |
|---|---|
| When reports came into London Zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London, they were not taken seriously. | This, however, is not the best solution. |
| When the news got round that a comedy show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company,we all rushed to see it. | This, he says, is not the best solution. |