Lesson 88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里 if条件状语从句

Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours.

be trapped in ^被困在

• He is trapped in an unhappy marriage.^{他陷入不幸的婚姻之中。}
• The insect is trapped in the spider's web.^{蜘蛛捕捉缠在网上的昆虫。}

If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives.^{真实条件句(主情从现)}

lose sb. live ^{失去某人的生命(表示生命时live是可数的)}

• love your life or lose your live. ^{爱你的生活，否则就失去你的生命}
• Thousands lose their lives in the disaster.^{数千人死于这场灾祸。}
• If they make a mistake, people lose their lives.^{他们犯错，别人就会失去生命。}
• Every year many people get hurt or lose their lives.^{每年很多人在交通事故中受伤或失去生命。}

However, rescue operations are proving difficult.

prove ^{vt. 证明是，结果是}

• What he had told us proved false.

If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. ^{真实条件句(主将从现)}

Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine.

If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. ^假设过去

there had not been ^{是一个there be结构}

As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go.

as it is = as it was ^{事实上，实际上}

• I thought they would help us. As it was, they just sat there and looked on.
• I promised to return books yesterday.As it is, I won’t be able to do so until next Monday.

Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives.

enable ^{vt. 使…能够}

• The hubble telescope will enable us to have a better understanding of the distant stars and galaxies.

前缀 en-加在名词或形容词前 ^{可以使这个词成为动词}

keep in touch with ^{与…保持联系（可以用 stay，get 等其他动词）}

• George is in close touch with Ian.
• Can you get in touch with the company?

Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.

run out of ^{用完，用尽}

• I need to go to the store because I've run out of milk.^{我需要去商店，因为我已经用完了牛奶。}

They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly.

If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. ^{虚拟条件句假设现在}

问：为什么要区别真实条件句、虚拟条件句
答：因为它们结构不一样。是为了表达不同的情态、可能性和逻辑关系。这区分是语法和语言逻辑的一部分，以确保表达者能够明确传达他们所想要表达的条件和结果之间的关系。

If真实条件句^{（假设将来：主将从现）}

• 用于表达可能或很可能发生的情况。
• 这种条件句通常使用"if"（如果）引导，其谓语动词使用一般现在时。
• 通常表示客观、真实、经常发生的情况，如科学事实、普遍真理等。

If虚拟条件句 §

• 用于表达不太可能或不可能发生的情况，或用于表达假设、愿望、建议等。
• 这种条件句通常包括"if"引导，但其谓语动词使用过去时（对现在情况的假设）或过去完成时（对过去情况的假设）。

从句往前推，主句4+1 ^{将来同现在}

区分真实条件句和虚拟条件句的目的是为了确保语言表达的准确性，使听者或读者能够理解说话者的意图。这两种条件句有不同的语法结构和语境，有助于传达不同类型的信息。