Lesson 53 Hot snake 触电的蛇 一般过去时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时

Hot snake ^触电的蛇

• get a electric shock ^触电

At last firemen have put out a big forest fire in California.

put out a fire ^{扑灭火（put out 扑灭，熄灭，关掉）}

• Please put the light ^请关灯
• fire out. ^{射出：发射出。}
• a fire ^{一场(堆)火}

Since then, they have been trying to find out how the fire began.

find out ^{（经过研究、努力等）找出，发现，查出…}

• I’ll try and find out the name of the person who saved my life yesterday.

一般过去时通常与一个表示确切的时间的状语连用，现在完成时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用， 有时不需要时间状语，而现在完成进行时则有时与表示一段时间的状语连用，有时与 all+表示时间的名词连用。现在完成时与一般过去时中既可以用状态动词（表示存在、拥有、感情、思想、需求等的动词）也 可以用行为动词，现在完成进行时则通常与行为动词连用。

* Forest fires are often caused by broken glass or by cigarette ends  which people carelessly throw away.

Forest fires ^{名词修饰名词，复数：后变前不变}

• two men teachers ^{两位男教师}
• three women doctors ^{三位女医生}
• cigarette ends ^{烟屁股(们)}
• broken glass ^{被打碎的玻璃片}

They were also quite sure that a cigarette end did not start the fire.

start a fire＝cause a fire ^{引起火灾，引发火灾}

• It could cause a fire. ^{那会引起火灾呀！}
• We collected dry sticks to start a fire.^{我们捡了些枯枝生起火来。}

quite(＝completely) → rather → fairly ^{程度一个比一个轻}

This morning, however, a firemen accidentally discovered the cause.

accidentally = by chance ^偶然地

discover ^{本身含有偶然发现（某个已经存在的东西）的含义}

• I don’t know who discovered America.

He noticed the remains of a snake which was wound round the electric wires of a 16,000-volt power line.

notice ^{注意别人没注意的东西}

• Luckily, I'd noticed where you left the car. ^{幸好，我注意了你停车的地点。}
• If he thought no one would notice, he's wrong. ^{如果他认为无人察觉，那他就错了。}

the remains ^{表示“尸体，残骸”，必须用复数形式}

• The villagers were surprised to see the remains of an aeroplane near the lake.

wind ^{vt. 缠绕，卷在…上；盘旋，蜿蜒}

In this way, he was able to solve the mystery.

in this way ^就这样 §

• In time, all Sam's money was paid back in this way. ^{以这种方式}
• Tazieff has often risked his life in this way.^{以这种方式}
• He performed in this way for many years.^{他就这样表演了很多年。}

A bird had snatched up the snake from the ground and then dropped it on to the wires.

When it did so, it sent sparks down to the ground and these immediately started a fire.

sent sparks ^{摩擦或碰撞时产生火花}

• The wind sent sparks and cinders flying.^{风把火星和炉渣吹得飞了起来。}
• Peter kicked the fire and sent up a shower of sparks.^{彼得用脚踢了一下火堆，扬起一阵火花。}

do so ^这么做

• I refuse to do so. ^{我拒绝这么做}

so ^{(代词) 常用于一些动词之后，代指前面提过的某个动作/某件事，以免重复}

• I think so. ^{我认为是这样的}
• I believe so. ^{我认为是的}
• I guess so. ^{我想是这样}

Throw to，Throw at & Throw away

Quite  ^{adv.相当地}   & Quiet ^{adj.安静的}

Cause  ^{n.原因 v.引起} & Reason ^{n.理由 v.推论出}

"Cause" 和 "reason" 都可以表示原因，但在使用上有一些区别。"Cause" 通常用作名词，表示某事物导致或引起另一事物的发生，而 "reason" 既可以作名词也可以作动词，表示理由或原因，也可以表示推理或劝导。注意，"reason" 作为原因时通常与 "why" 引导的从句连用。

Drop ^{(突然)掉下} & Fall ^{(自然)掉下}

"Drop" 和 "fall" 都涉及物体向下移动的概念，但它们的用法和强调点略有不同。"Drop" 更侧重于物体因失去支持或不小心掉下来，而 "fall" 更强调物体自然或有意识地向下移动或落下。