Lesson 58 A blessing in disguise? 是因祸得福吗？ 被动语态 强调句

A blessing in disguise ^{一个伪装的祝福（一开始看起来不好或不幸的事情，但最终会带来好的结果）、祸兮福所倚、因祸得福}

• A silver lining ^{一线希望(银边)}
• every cloud has a silver lining ^{黑暗中总有一丝光明(每朵云都有一线银边)}
• Turn lemons into lemonade ^{化腐朽为神奇(把柠檬变成柠檬水)}
• Make a virtue of necessity ^{因陋就简(把必要转化为美德、把必须做的事装成出于好心做的)}
• A stroke of luck ^{鸿运当头(幸运的一击指突然而意外的好运或好处)、天上掉馅饼}
• A Stroke of Fate ^{命中注定（命运的打击）、天意如此、谋事在人，成事在天}

The tiny village of Frinley is said to possess a 'cursed tree'.

the tiny village of Frinley ^{弗林利这个小村庄}

• the city of Beijing ^{名叫北京的城市}
• at the age of twenty ^{20 岁时}
• a height of three feet ^{三英尺的高度}

be said to do sth. ^{据说做某事…（是对不太有把握的事发表看法时一种谨慎的说法）}

• There is said to be a great deal of oil in Africa. ^{据说非洲有大量的石油。}
• Dan is said to be the most intelligent student in his class. ^{据说丹是他们班最聪明的学生。}
• Lazy was said to kill us all.^{据说懒惰会害死我们所有人。}

It’s not as old as it’s said to be.

Because the tree was mentioned in a newspaper, the number of visitors to Frinley has now increased.

mention ^{vt. 提到, 提及}

• My father ofter mentions you.

* The tree was planted near the church fifty years ago, but it is only in recent years that it has gained an evil reputation.

强调句(先写简单句然后按下面的格式进行修改) ^{只能强调名词；不能强调形容词、动词}

构成：It is + 强调的部分 + that + 句子余下的部分

变化：It is/was + 强调的部分 + that/who + 句子余下的部分.^{(注：强调将来使用一般现在时)}

不能强调：形容词、动词。

• It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. ^主语从句 §
• It is said that he has returned from England. ^{主语从句，强调句有一个明显的特征，去掉it is ... that 可以还原成普通句。}

遇到形容词、动词肯定不是强调句，如果是其它内容就需要使用还原法去判断是否为强调句。强调句是写作的加分项，与形式主语一样最好能在一篇文章里出现一次。

It is said that if anyone touches the tree, he will have bad luck; if he picks a leaf, he will die. 

* The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down, but so far he has refused.

sb. be asked to do sth.^{sb.被请求做某事}

• He has been asked to appear as a witness for the defence. ^{他已被传唤出庭为被告作证。}
• He has been asked to account for his conduct.^{他被要求解释他的行为。}
• He has been asked to sing a solo at the concert.^{他已被邀请在演奏会上表演独唱。}

He has pointed out that the tree is a useful source of income, as tourists have been coming from all parts of the country to see it.

point out = explain ^{指出，解释}

• I realized that he had make a mistake, so I pointed it out to him immediately.
• He pointed out that it was a mistake not to help them.

In spite of all that has been said, the tourists have been picking leaves and cutting their names on the tree-trunk.

So far, not one of them has been struck down by sudden death!

be struck down ^{被打倒（strike down 使…生重病，杀死）}

• Many people were struck down in that war.
• He was stuck down by cancer last year.

为什么会有双宾语结构的出现？

有些时候这个动作后面涉及到的对象会同时有 人+物 两种，这个时候，就得接上人 + 物两个宾语，就构成了主谓双宾结构。

• I give you a book ^{我给你一本儿书（我给的是谁呢？给的是你，给的是什么呢？给的是一本书）在这里同时有了你和一本书，人加物这两个宾语就构成了主谓双宾结构。}

双宾结构两种写法

为什么会有两种写法呢？因为人和物两个宾语，为了公平起见，凭什么你老放在前面呢？我也可以放在前面呢？所以人放在前面写成一种，物放在前面写成另外一种。因此，这个双宾结构，主动形式就会有两种。

I give you a book. = I give a book to you. ^{主谓双宾结构，其实就是主语谓语动词后面同时接了人加物两个宾语，而且人和物分别可以放在前面一次，所以双宾语结构的主动会有两种形式，这就是我们在第三课讲过的关于主谓双宾的内容。}

被动语态的来源

正常情况下，一个主动的句子当中是主谓宾结构，比如说我吃苹果。那么我是动作的发出者，主语吃后面是动作的承受者宾语对吧？所以一般情况下，在一个主动的句子当中，这个宾语放在动词的后面，表示动作的承受者，那这个动作的承受者也就是宾语提前了之后，这个句子就可以变成被做的了。变成苹果被吃

所以大家会发现被动语它是在于把宾语提前了之后，这个事儿就变成被做的，所以就要写成被动的。那大家想一个问题，如果有一个宾语，那咱们把这一个宾语提前变成了一种被动？那如果要有两个宾语呢？那它们俩分别都可以被提前一次，因此就可以有两种被动的形式了。

双宾语动词的被动语态

那么既然有两个宾语，那分别就可以提前一次，就可以变成两种被动。先写成两种主动，然后再从这两种主动，然后再从这两种主动的形式当中给它变成两种被动，这个更好写。

谁离谓语近，就提前 ^{先写2种主动，然后变为被动。}

双宾语能自己写出来，能看懂足以，单宾语的被动更常见。

被动语态在写作中的应用